Abstracts of Magazine FUJITSU 2000-3 (VOL.51, NO.2)

Special Issue : Smart Solution

• Overview of Smart Card Solution

One of the reasons for using smart cards is to improve services and securities for the customer. Smart cards have a higher security and can store more information compared to other currently available cards such as magnetic stripe cards. It has been more than 10 years since the first experiments and practical use of smart cards in Japan. Until recently, they have mainly been used in the finance industry, the retail and distribution industry, and local governments. Now, the use of smart cards has been extended to an experiment on a global smart-card specification and to common use in enterprises and transportation. This paper outlines the smart card and the know-how Fujitsu has accumulated by introducing smart cards to leading customers and by using them internally. Then, this paper describes a smart-card solution composed of hardware, an application system, and services and describes our philosophy regarding the introduction of smart cards.

• Smart Card Company System

Smart card systems have come into wide use in areas such as telephone-card communication and finance, retail, and transportation services that are paid for using electronic money. This paper describes a smart card company system that is expected to become widely used in companies. Conventional smart card company systems contain independent subsystems such as an access management system and a time recording system. However, it is difficult to link these subsystems with each other. In response, Fujitsu proposes a smart card company system which is based on information obtained from an employee's personal database. The system links the databases of an employee card-issuing system to access a management system, a time recording system, and a cashless system. It is an expandable system that can be upgraded to suit the system size and cost as required.

• Use of Smart Cards at Amusement Facilities

In recent years, many construction and renovation plans for amusement facilities have been announced. In these plans, the adoption of electronic tickets in the form of smart cards and other new services are being considered. Smart cards are being used in more and more areas. One of the main features of smart cards is their high security, and this feature is expected to promote their use for making monetary settlements. This paper describes some cases where the adoption of electronic tickets and introduction of new services at amusement facilities are being considered and some cases where smart cards are already being used. It also examines some strategies for future development.

• Multi Application Management System: MAM

The Multi Application is a new concept for smart cards. This feature enables multiple services such as credit card, debit card, and e-cash services to be integrated into a single card called a Multi Application Card. The Multi Application Card gives its users the convenience of multiple services without needing to carry multiple cards. Card issuers will require a totally new management capability for these services. This system is called the Multi Application Management system （MAM）. This paper describes Multi Application, the business background of MAM, the attractiveness of MAM, and Fujitsu's MAM solution.

• Application of LSI which Supports Multiple Settlement Protocols to EC-related Equipment

Customers of various services make credit settlements using a magnetic stripe card or smart card with Electronic Commerce （EC） equipment. Fujitsu has developed a one-chip LSI （IFD: Interface Device） which supports multiple settlement protocols （credit, debit, and electronic money） and can be flexibly applied to any equipment. This LSI has been applied to EC-related equipment to solve problems with existing settlement terminals, facilitate the installation of terminals in an existing system, and make terminals physically compact. This paper describes several technological aspects of a one-chip LSI which supports multiple settlement protocols and also describes various EC-related equipment.

• Contactless Smart-card LSI with Embedded FRAM

The contactless air interface technique is attracting much attention as a way to perform data-transfer rates above 100 kbps in smart card applications. To optimize system performance with this fast interface, the FRAM （Ferroelectric Random Access Memory） is considered to be an optimum programmable nonvolatile memory for storing unique information such as the ID number and personal data for each smart card. This is because the time required to program a FRAM is 10⁴ times shorter than that of conventional EEPROMs. Moreover, FRAMs are promising for upcoming high-end smart card systems because of their robust write-cycle （they can be rewritten more than 10¹⁰ times） and their compatibility with deep submicron process technology, which can be used to enhance circuit functionality and complexity.

• Smart Card Issuing Service

Smart cards constitute the bottom-layer infrastructure of a smart card system. To ensure system security, the personal data and other data that is stored on a smart card must be protected from unauthorized accesses that are made directly via the hardware of the card or via the software of the card system. Therefore, a high level of security is maintained throughout the development and manufacturing of smart cards and when activation data and personal data are written to smart cards when they are issued. This paper looks at the use of smart cards and the role of security in smart-card issuing services.

• Smart Cards and Security

Unlike a plastic magnetic stripe card, a smart card contains a computer and a memory for storing data and various programs for security functions. The major security functions of a smart card used for electronic commerce include the following: A personal authentication function used by the smart card to identify its owner, a function that encrypts or decrypts data as requested by a terminal, a mutual authentication function used by the smart card and terminal to identify each other, a digital signature function that guarantees the validity of transactions made using the smart card, and a function that controls access to data contained in the smart card.
This paper looks at these functions and describes some example applications of smart cards. Then, it describes the trend towards standardization of smart cards and the positioning of smart cards in Fujitsu.

• Concept of QuiQpro-VB for High-productivity, High-quality Application Development

Deregulation, globalization, and other trends are bringing dramatic changes to the business environment, and the demand for systems that can be adapted to handle these changes continues to grow. Also, in this age of change, the requirements for productivity, quality, expandability, and maintainability are becoming increasingly severe. This paper introduces Sunflower and QuiQpro-VB. Sunflower is a new software development process model that responds to today's changes and enables high-productivity development of high-quality applications. QuiQpro-VB is a CASE tool that offers powerful support for Sunflower. QuiQpro-VB V1.0 was released in July 1996 and was sold mainly to Fujitsu group companies. The completely upgraded QuiQpro-VB V4.0 was released in October 1999. In the 80 or more system development projects to which QuiQpro-VB V4.0 has been applied, productivity has on average been doubled and quality has been increased by a factor ranging from 2 to 14. The upgraded QuiQpro-VB V4.1 was released in March 2000.