FUJITSU's Guide to Japanese
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35Lesson 3Grammar notes4 いくら ikura How much…?いくら ikura is an interrogative word used to ask the price or quantity of something. ■ これは いくらですか。 Kore wa ikura desu ka.  How much is this?5 V masu-formIn all sentences, final verbs end with ます masu in ordinary polite speech.■ 行いきます ikimasu go  ■ 着つきます tsukimasu arrive  ■ 帰かえります kaerimasu return to6 Inflection of V masu-formnon-past(present and/or future)pastaffirmative行いき iki ます masu行いき iki ました mashitanegative行いき iki ません masen行いき iki ませんでした masendeshitaThe non-past form is used to refer to both present and future actions and states. Japanese does not distinguish between the two grammatically.■ わたしは 毎まいにち日 働はたらきます。 Watashi wa mainichi hatarakimasu. I work everyday.■ わたしは あした 働はたらきます。 Watashi wa ashita hatarakimasu. I will work tomorrow.7 N (place) へ e (I come / go / return) to (place)The particle へ e marks the noun indicating direction, and is used with verbs which have a directional meaning such as 行いきますikimasu, 来きますkimasu, 帰かえりますkaerimasu.■ 神こうべ戸へ 行いきます。 Kobe e ikimasu. I will go to Kobe.8 N(vehicle) で de by(plane, Shinkansen, etc.)The particle で de following a noun indicates a means of transportation.■ 飛ひこうき行機で 行いきます。 Hikooki de ikimasu. I will go by plane.9 N(time) に ni at (time)The point in time when an action takes place is indicated by putting the particle にni after the noun which denotes the time, but only when time is expressed using numerals. ■ 8時じ40分ぷんに 着つきます。 Hachi-ji yon-jup-pun ni tsukimasu. We'll arrive at 8:40.

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