White Papers

Our white papers are written by industry expert authors with extensive experience in the telecommunications and networking industry. These papers examine specific technical problems or topics in detail, providing technical solutions as well as valuable context and relevant background information.

Backhaul 2.0: Not Just For Mobile Anymore
There’s no question that backhaul is getting a lot of attention from opportunity-hungry service providers. This paper explores much more than just cellular backhaul, providing a comprehensive primer on the backhaul needs of all kinds of transport services. Read More...

Soft-Decision FEC Benefits for 100G
Soft-Decision FEC is a third-generation encoding algorithm that enables longer distances and fewer regenerations on 100G optical networks. Until recently, the technology did not exist to allow implementation of SD-FEC on high-speed, 100G optical signals. Fujitsu is now leading the optical industry by introducing SD-FEC on the newest generation of 100G optical modules. Read More...

Enhancing Cell-Edge Performance with PDCCH ICIC
This paper examines the challenges of PDCCH cell-edge Signal-to-Noise and Interference Ratios (SINRs), and proposes various performance enhancements using the existing LTE standard. Read More...

OpEx Benefits of the Fujitsu Ethernet Tag Switching Implementation of Connection-Oriented Ethernet
This paper considers the surprising operational economics of MPLS-TP versus Ethernet Tag Switching. The paper presents the findings of a 2011 study that compared the operational expenses of a typical Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) network, implemented using Ethernet tag switching, versus a network implemented using MPLS-TP. The Ethernet tag switching implementation is shown to be 32% lower in cost over five years than the MPLS-TP implementation. Read More...

Communication Network Challenges and Solutions in the Utility Industry
Utilities are facing the challenge of modernizing their network infrastructures to enable more efficient communication and information flow. This paper examines this challenge and discusses the optimal approach to achieving it. Read More...

The Path to 100G
Service providers are expanding capacity to meet escalating requirements, but as optical transmission speeds increase, it becomes increasingly difficult to overcome impairments to performance. This paper examines ways to overcome these obstacles and create a path to 100G deployment. Read More...

Carrier Ethernet Essentials
Carrier Ethernet augments the familiar and ubiquitous Ethernet LAN technologies to build metro and wide-area networks. This paper provides a comprehensive introduction to this this group of technology standards, including a summary of the building blocks and attributes of Carrier Ethernet and the architectures, services and capabilities it enables. Read More...

Low-latency Networks for Storage Infrastructure
Storage-Area Networks handle high-volume, high-speed transactions, and demand ultra-low latency. This paper explains some common sources of latency and summarizes the available solutions. Read More...

Low-latency Networks for Trading Infrastructure
In the fast-paced world of high-frequency and algorithmic trading, it is essential to cut network latency to miniscule levels. This paper explains some common sources of latency and summarizes the available solutions. Read More...

Achieving Smooth Migration to a Next-Generation Backhaul Network
Packet ONPs offer a smooth transition path from legacy SONET to packet functionality, enabling service providers to reuse legacy networks to offer advanced data and maintain original TDM services. This paper explains how the key features of Packet ONPs make these platforms ideal for migrating to the next-generation backhaul network. Read More...

The Key Benefits of OTN Networks
This paper describes the Optical Transport Network (OTN) group of standards and explains how this technology is quickly evolving into switching and aggregation roles, functioning as a complementary technology to COE and packet optical networking. Read More...

The New Ethernet-Driven OTN
This paper details how emerging Ethernet transport requirements have shaped the evolution of new OTN capabilities from the 2001 OTN V1 to the 2010 OTN V3, and how these capabilities support existing and new applications. Read More...

Connection-Oriented Ethernet - On-Ramp Aggregation for Next-Generation Networks
The Department of Defense (DoD) Global Information Grid (GIG) is migrating from TDM- and ATM-based technologies to packet-based technologies to support network convergence. This paper describes how the DOD is relying on Connection-Oriented Ethernet (COE) to facilitate geographically distributed, protocol-simple, IP-based network architecture and a secure, manageable access and on-ramp infrastructure. Read More...

Moore’s Law and Energy and Operations Savings in the Evolution of Optical Transport Platforms
This white paper applies a broader definition of Moore’s Law to telecommunication products. It analyzes the network operations savings from energy, floor space, and maintenance, and proves that next-generation operating improvements can often justify new capital investments. Read More...

Unlocking Ethernet Access and Backhaul with the EoX Gateway
Ethernet has become the most popular interface to attach end users and access devices to the range of Ethernet and IP network services. For many applications, a service provider delivering these Ethernet attached services must deploy multiple access network technologies and deliver a varied set of handoff interfaces to service and transit networks that may be operated by different business entities. This paper describes how the EoX Gateway solves this problem by eliminating additional elements with a combination of rich transport and Ethernet service functions, presenting a flexible variety of handoffs to the full range of service and transit networks. Read More...

The Micro Packet ONP: Leveraging Today’s Optical Network for Next-Generation Ethernet Access
Micro Packet ONP platforms result from the integration of COE into “micro-MSPP” systems. These platforms allow service providers to leverage existing access networks to realize important benefits. This paper describes these benefits in the context of mobile backhaul, DSLAM backhaul, and Ethernet services access applications. Read More...

The Emerging Optical Control Plane
This paper assesses the optical control plane, including general control plane concepts such as call and connection control, network reference points and connection types. Key control plane applications are covered, along with the protocols used in the Fujitsu FLASHWAVE® products to support these applications. The paper concludes with a discussion of network applications. Read More...

4G Impacts to Mobile Backhaul
The introduction of 4G wireless places strains on mobile backhaul networks and the carriers who operate them. This paper considers various design models for mobile backhaul networks that support enhanced broadband connections. The paper considers the fundamental shift from TDM transport to packet transport and separates fact from fiction with regards to success in the mobile backhaul business. Read More...

Connection-Oriented Ethernet – Operational and Deployment Considerations
Connection-oriented Ethernet technology holds great promise. It creates, for the first time, a single metro aggregation and transport infrastructure for delivering next-generation services. This paper considers several existing and emerging technology choices for the deployment of connection-oriented Ethernet and discusses their implications for the metro infrastructure. Read More...

Connection-Oriented Ethernet – Completing the Ethernet Revolution
Ethernet enterprise services are forecasted to grow at a compound annual rate of over 25% per year. To satisfy these demands, service providers have deployed a wide variety of Ethernet technologies, depending upon the specific application. This paper provides a functional, contextual and technological overview of connection-oriented Ethernet. Read More...

Lightwave: Economic considerations drive choice of triple-play transport
This article considers the architectural approaches transport providers must consider when deploying high-speed residential video, data, voice and Internet services. Read More...

IEEE Communications Magazine: Designing Hybrid SONET and DWDM Networks
To take full advantage of SONET granularity and DWDM capacity, these technologies must be combined. This article provides guidelines on recognizing different types of hybrid networks and how to accomplish the design task by using existing design tools or procedures. Read More...

FLASHWAVE 9500 - The Definitive Packet Optical Networking Platform
Fujitsu is defining a new generation of optical networking equipment known as the Packet ONP. This new platform delivers manageable scalability through the modular integration of Ethernet, ROADM, and SONET transport technologies on a single addressable optical networking class element. Read More...

Packet Optical Networking Platforms - Delivering the Connected Experience
Service providers face several key dilemmas as they evolve their networks to deliver the new generation of high-bandwidth services. This paper introduces the solution: the Packet Optical Networking Platform (Packet ONP). Read More...

Failsafe Protection for Utility Critical Infrastructure
This paper describes how Multiservice Provisioning Platforms such as the Fujitsu FLASHWAVE 4100 and 4500 address the unique needs of Utility Critical Infrastructure networks by delivering protection from service failures. Read More...

Benefits of RPR for Utility Critical Infrastructure Networks
This paper considers the benefits of Resilient Packet Ring technology (RPR) to address rising demands on utility company networks. Read More...

Ethernet Service OAM: Overview, Applications, Deployment, and Issues
IAs the number of Ethernet service instances grows, service providers will require a robust set of management tools to maintain Ethernet service networks. The positive news is that IEEE 802.1, ITU SG 13, and the MEF have been working in close cooperation to develop complimentary standards for multidomain Ethernet Service OAM. Read More...

Optimizing Networks with Money Saving Features of the NETSMART 1500 Element Management System
In today’s competitive marketplace, carriers are focused on controlling costs and optimizing productivity. Addressing inefficiencies that can arise from managing large, complex networks offers an opportunity to improve financial health. Carriers willing to seize this opportunity need a tool that enables efficient network operation. Fujitsu provides this tool in the form of its powerful and scalable NETSMART® 1500 EMS. Read More...

A Survey and Economic Analysis of Metro High-Capacity Central Office Approaches
The focus of this paper is to address a type of next-generation SONET ADM (MSPP) that provides multiple ring termination, high-capacity STS and/or VT grooming, along with multiservice capability. It presents an analysis of the capital savings for different architectures and applications. Read More...

Fujitsu Powered Video on Demand Solutions
This paper describes and characterizes the various Video on Demand (VOD) services and the architectures that can support them. It also provides an overview of the Fujitsu solution delivering these services cost-effectively and with faster service delivery. Read More...