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ALMA researchers teamed up with Fujitsu to develop the enabling solution some six years ago. Fujitsu's long-standing experience and proven track record in delivering integrated, robust observational control and astronomy data processing systems were the main reasons it was chosen for this international, collaborative project.
Despite numerous observers maintaining that designing a system for such an extreme environment was almost impossible, Fujitsu created a bespoke supercomputer, Atacama Compact Array Correlator for ALMA, to make sense of the huge data stream. Using diskless storage and a sophisticated cooling system, the correlator can perform interference processing in real time at 88 trillion operations per second under hostile desert conditions at a pressure of 0.5 atmospheres. Fujitsu also developed the correlator control system based on PRIMERGY Linux servers. Both the correlators and correlator control system built by Fujitsu are installed on the desert plateau at an altitude of 5,000 m.
Against all the odds, Fujitsu thus succeeded in designing the fastest computer ever used at an astronomical site. It is also the highest in the world, offering stable performance under severe conditions with the added bonus of remote maintenance capabilities from Japan. Minimum observational downtime ensures maximum return on investment, making this a flagship reference for cross-border, collaborative astronomical projects. Other highlights include the cost, performance and flexibility benefits of a field-programmable gate array architecture.
This is a joint, Japan, Europe, America, international cooperation project, to construct the world's largest radio telescope using 66 antennas in an 18.5 km square array in the Atacama Desert (5,000 m altitude) in the Andes mountain range in Chile, South America. This project is aiming for 10 times better performance than the Subaru telescope in the radio waveband.