Introduction
This section details designs for the GSM, DECT and PCS1900 standards. All measurements were executed using the appropriate evaluation systems. Each example can of course be further optimised in the user's exact system. Evaluation board used is an MB1500EB01.
GSM Application Benchmarks
1. GSM High Side Injection
Figure 15 Application circuit, GSM high side injection
GSM 1st LO high side injection was simulated with the following design conditions.
| VCC | 3.3 V |
|---|---|
| V CP, V VCO | 5 V |
| Comparator frequency | 200 kHz |
| Prescaler divide ratio | 64/65 |
| Reference oscillator | 13 MHz, -3 dBm |
| RF out | 1018 MHz |
| Ambient temperature | 25°C |
| VCO | Murata MQE 042-1016 (Kv = 20 MHz/V) |
Parts list:
| C1 | 100 pF |
|---|---|
| C2 | 10 nF |
| C3 | 10 µF |
| C4 | 100 pF |
| C5 | 33 pF |
| C6 | 33 pF |
| C10 | 100 pF |
| C11 | 10 µf |
| R3 | 0 Ω |
| R4 | 51 Ω |
| R5 | 47 κΩ |
| R6 | 47 κΩ |
| R7 | 47 κΩ |
| R8 | 18 Ω |
| R9 | 18 Ω |
| R10 | 18 Ω |
Loop filter:
| C7 | 2 nF |
|---|---|
| C8 | 20 nF |
| C9 | 330 pF |
| R1 | 15 κΩ |
| R2 | 2.2 κΩ |
| Phase error | RMS value | Peak value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| @1018 MHz | 2.2 | 6.8 | degrees |
| Hopping time | Measured value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1005 MHz → 1031 MHz | 486 | µs | |
| 1031 MHz → 1005 MHz | 427 | µs |
- 1
- Close to measurable limit
Figure 16 - Spurious performance at 1018 MHz
Figure 17 - Phase noise performance; C/N= -71.0 dBc/Hz, maximum within loop bandwidth
Figure 18 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 1MHz from carrier; C/N= -139.3 dBc/Hz « -146.3 dBm/Hz
Figure 19 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 10 MHz from carrier; C/N= -147.6 dBc/Hz « -154.6 dBm/Hz (close to measurable limit)
Figure 20 - Hopping time 486µs for frequency step 1005MHz → 1031MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 21 - Hopping time 427µs for frequency step 1031MHz → 10305MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 22 - Phase error @1018MHz, RMS value: 2.2°, peak value: 6.8°
DECT Application Benchmarks
2. DECT Low side injection
igure 23. Application circuit, DECT low side injection
This was simulated under the following conditions:-
| VCC | 3 V |
|---|---|
| V CP, V VCO | 4.6 V |
| Comparator frequency | 1728 kHz |
| Prescaler divide ratio | 32/33 |
| Reference oscillator | 27.648 MHz, -3 dBm |
| RF out | 1776.384 MHz |
| Ambient temperature | 25°C |
| VCO | Murata MQE 520-1767 (Kv = 31 MHz/V) |
Parts list:
| C1 | 100 pF |
|---|---|
| C2 | 10 nF |
| C3 | 10 µF |
| C4 | 100 pF |
| C5 | 33 pF |
| C6 | 33 pF |
| C10 | 100 pF |
| C11 | 10 µf |
| R3 | 0 Ω |
| R4 | 51 Ω |
| R5 | 47 κΩ |
| R6 | 47 κΩ |
| R7 | 47 κΩ |
| R8 | 18 Ω |
| R9 | 18 Ω |
| R10 | 18 Ω |
Loop filter:
| C7 | 22 nF |
|---|---|
| C8 | 220 nF |
| C9 | 1.5 nF |
| R1 | 1.8 κΩ |
| R2 | 150 κΩ |
| Phase noise performance | Measured value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| @1776.384 MHz | -80.5 | dBc/Hz | maximum within loop bandwidth = 13 kHz |
| Phase error | RMS value | Peak value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| @1776.384 MHz | 1.0 | 2.4 | degrees |
| Hopping time | Measured value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1769.472 MHz → 1785.024 MHz | 388 | µs | |
| 1785.024 MHz → 1769.472 MHz | 388 | µs |
- 1
- Close to measurable limit
Figure 24 - Spurious performance at 1776.384 MHz -70.0 dBc
Figure 25 - Phase noise performance; C/N= -80.5 dBc/Hz, maximum within loop bandwidth
Figure 26 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 1 MHz from carrier; C/N= -139.3 dBc/Hz ⇔ -146.3 dBm/Hz
Figure 27 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 10 MHz from carrier; C/N= -147.6 dBc/Hz « -154.6 dBm/Hz (close to measurable limit)
Figure 28 - Hopping time 388µs for frequency step 1769.472MHz → 1785.024MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 29 - Hopping time 427µs for frequency step 1785.024MHz → 1769.472MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 30 - Phase error @1776.384MHz, RMS value: 1.0°, peak value: 2.4°
PCS1900 Application Benchmarks
3. PCS1900 Low side injection
Figure 31. Application circuit, PCS1900 low side injection
This was simulated under the following conditions:-
| VCC | 3.0 V |
|---|---|
| V CP, V VCO | 4.6 V |
| Comparator frequency | 200 kHz |
| Prescaler divide ratio | 32/33 |
| Reference oscillator | 13 MHz, -3 dBm |
| RF out | 1767 MHz |
| Ambient temperature | 25°C |
| VCO | Murata MQE 520-1767(Kv = 31 MHz/V) |
Parts list:
| C1 | 100 pF |
|---|---|
| C2 | 10 nF |
| C3 | 10 µF |
| C4 | 100 pF |
| C5 | 33 pF |
| C6 | 33 pF |
| C10 | 100 pF |
| C11 | 10 µf |
| R3 | 0 Ω |
| R4 | 51 Ω |
| R5 | 47 κΩ |
| R6 | 47 κΩ |
| R7 | 47 κΩ |
| R8 | 18 Ω |
| R9 | 18 Ω |
| R10 | 18 Ω |
Loop filter:
| C7 | 3.3 NF |
|---|---|
| C8 | 33 NF |
| C9 | 220pF |
| R1 | 12 κΩ |
| R1 | 1.2 κΩ |
Test results
| Spurious performance | @Δf = 200 kHz | @Δf = 400 kHz | @Δf = 600 kHz | @Δf = 13 MHz |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| @1767 MHz | -65.6 dBc | -76.0 dBc | -83.5 dBc | -67 dBc |
| Phase noise performance | Measured value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| @1767 MHz | -71.8 | dBc/Hz | maximum within loop bandwidth = 12.5 kHz |
| Phase error | RMS value | Peak value | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|
| @1767 MHz | 2.3 | 6.5 | degrees |
| Hopping time | Measured value | Unit | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1737 MHz → 1797 MHz | 466 | µs | |
| 1797 MHz → 1737 MHz | 466 | µs |
Figure 32 - Spurious performance at 1767 MHz -65.6 dBc
Figure 33 - Phase noise performance; C/N= -71.8 dBc/Hz, maximum within loop bandwidth
Figure 34 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 1MHz from carrier; C/N= -139.3 dBc/Hz « -146.3 dBm/Hz
Figure 35 - Phase noise performance @ Δ f= 10 MHz from carrier; C/N= -147.6 dBc/Hz « -154.6 dBm/Hz (close to measurable limit)
Figure 36 - Hopping time 466µs for frequency step 1737MHz → 1797MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 37 - Hopping time 466µs for frequency step 1797MHz → 1737MHz (Measurement triggered 100µs after PLL was programmed, therefore the marker readout shown on top is 100µs longer than the actual hopping time)
Figure 38 - Phase error @1767MHz, RMS value: 2.3°, peak value: 6.5°
